{"id":538,"date":"2025-01-17T20:53:50","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T12:53:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sqtcw.cn\/?p=538"},"modified":"2025-01-17T20:53:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T12:53:50","slug":"%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/?p=538","title":{"rendered":"\u722c\u866b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u7528\u6570\u636e\u3002\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8d77\u59cb URL \u7740\u624b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u5e76\u4f9d\u636e\u89c4\u5219\u63d0\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u722c\u866b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b
\u9009\u62e9\u79cd\u5b50URL\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5730\u5740\u3002
\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5de5\u5177\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u6216lxml\u89e3\u6790\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002
\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002
\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93
Requests\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002
BeautifulSoup\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTML\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\u3002
Scrapy\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002
Selenium\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002
\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4f7f\u7528requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u722c\u866b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

import requests\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n \n# \u6307\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\nheaders = {\n    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'}\n \n# \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\ndef fetch_html(url):\n    try:\n        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)\n        response.raise_for_status()  # \u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e0d\u662f200\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1HTTPError\n        return response.text\n    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as http_err:\n        print(f'HTTP error occurred: {http_err}')  # HTTP\u9519\u8bef\n    except Exception as err:\n        print(f'Other error occurred: {err}')  # \u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\n \n# \u89e3\u6790HTML\ndef parse_html(html):\n    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')\n    # \u63d0\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u6807\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\n    title = soup.title.string if soup.title else 'No Title Found'\n    print(f'Page title: {title}')\n    # \u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\n    links = [a['href'] for a in soup.find_all('a', href=True)]\n    return links\n \n# \u8fd0\u884c\u793a\u4f8b\u722c\u866b\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    url = \"https:\/\/example.com\"\n    html_content = fetch_html(url)\n    if html_content:\n        links = parse_html(html_content)\n        print(f'Found {len(links)} links on this page.')\n\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e
headers\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c4f\u853d\u3002User-Agent\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
requests.get(url, headers=headers)\uff1aget()\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
params: \u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u3002
headers: \u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u6307\u5b9aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
timeout: \u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u79d2\u3002
response.raise_for_status()\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u629b\u51faHTTP\u9519\u8bef\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u8f7d
    \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\uff0crequests\u5e93\u65e0\u6cd5\u6293\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    from selenium import webdriver
     
    # \u4f7f\u7528Chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
     
    # \u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875
    driver.get(\"https:\/\/example.com\")
    # \u7b49\u5f85\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
     
    # \u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
    dynamic_content = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\"div.content\").text
    print(dynamic_content)
     
    driver.quit()

    <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2.\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7f51\u7ad9\u542f\u7528\u673a\u5236\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u963b\u62e6\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u50cf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3001\u4eba\u673a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u4e0d\u59a8\u8bd5\u7740\u8c03\u6574\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4ee3\u7406 IP\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u6216\u8005\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    3.\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u600e\u6837\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u722c\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5462\uff1f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 MySQL\u3001MongoDB\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u53f0\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u7528\u6570\u636e\u3002\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8d77\u59cb URL \u7740\u624b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u5e76\u4f9d\u636e\u89c4\u5219\u63d0\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u722c\u866b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u9009\u62e9\u79cd\u5b50URL\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5730\u5740\u3002\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5de5\u5177\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u6216lxml\u89e3\u6790\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93Requests\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002BeautifulSoup\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTML\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\u3002Scrapy\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002Selenium\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4f7f\u7528requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u722c\u866b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6eheaders\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c4f\u853d\u3002User-Agent\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3002 requests.get(url, headers=headers)\uff1aget()\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a params: \u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u3002headers: \u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u6307\u5b9aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002timeout: \u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u79d2\u3002response.raise_for_status()\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u629b\u51faHTTP\u9519\u8bef\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002 \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848 \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 2.\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7f51\u7ad9\u542f\u7528\u673a\u5236\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u963b\u62e6\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u50cf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3001\u4eba\u673a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u4e0d\u59a8\u8bd5\u7740\u8c03\u6574\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4ee3\u7406 IP\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u6216\u8005\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3002 3.\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u600e\u6837\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u722c\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5462\uff1f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 MySQL\u3001MongoDB\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u53f0\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=538"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}