{"id":558,"date":"2025-01-19T08:01:58","date_gmt":"2025-01-19T00:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sqtcw.cn\/?p=558"},"modified":"2025-01-19T08:01:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-19T00:01:58","slug":"python-%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e7%bc%96%e5%8f%b7%e6%b1%87%e6%80%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/?p=558","title":{"rendered":"python \u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u6c47\u603b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f Python \u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u6c47\u603b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.ENOENT<\/code> (2): \u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.ENOENT}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.EACCES<\/code> (13): \u8868\u793a\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.EACCES}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.EEXIST<\/code> (17): \u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6b64\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.EEXIST}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.ECONNREFUSED<\/code> (111): \u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u76d1\u542c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.ECONNREFUSED}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.ETIMEDOUT<\/code> (110): \u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u7acb\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6b64\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.ETIMEDOUT}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.EADDRINUSE<\/code> (98): \u8868\u793a\u5730\u5740\u5df2\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u6216\u5730\u5740\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6b64\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u5730\u5740\u5df2\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.EADDRINUSE}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.ECHILD<\/code> (10): \u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 <code>wait<\/code> \u6216 <code>waitpid<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.ECHILD}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.EINTR<\/code> (4): \u8868\u793a\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.EINTR}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.ENOMEM<\/code> (12): \u8868\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.ENOMEM}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.EBADF<\/code> (9): \u8868\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.EBADF}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.EIO<\/code> (5): \u8868\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.EIO}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u516d\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.EINVAL<\/code> (22): \u8868\u793a\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u65e0\u6548\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.EINVAL}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e03\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>errno.ESPIPE<\/code> (29): \u8868\u793a\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6216\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  import errno\n  print(f\"\u975e\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a{errno.ESPIPE}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>errno<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>import os\nimport errno\n\ntry:\n    # \u8fd9\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\n    pass\nexcept OSError as e:\n    if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:\n        print(\"\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\")\n    elif e.errno == errno.EACCES:\n        print(\"\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\")\n    else:\n        print(f\"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7: {e.errno}\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f: {e.strerror}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86 <code>os<\/code> \u548c <code>errno<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>os<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>errno<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>try-except<\/code> \u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>try<\/code> \u5757\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d <code>pass<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u90e8\u5206\u6682\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 <code>try<\/code> \u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bf8\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u6253\u5f00\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff09\u7b49\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>except OSError as e<\/code>\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>OSError<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\uff0c\u5f53\u53d1\u751f\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6b64\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>e<\/code> \u662f\u6355\u83b7\u5230\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>e.errno<\/code> \u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e <code>errno<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>if e.errno == errno.ENOENT<\/code>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u4e3a <code>errno.ENOENT<\/code>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u6253\u5370 <code>\"\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\"<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>if e.errno == errno.EACCES<\/code>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u4e3a <code>errno.EACCES<\/code>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u4f1a\u6253\u5370 <code>\"\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\"<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>else<\/code> \u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff08<code>e.errno<\/code>\uff09\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff08<code>e.strerror<\/code>\uff09\u3002<code>e.strerror<\/code> \u662f\u6839\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u751f\u6210\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5728 <code>try<\/code> \u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>import errno    #\u5bfc\u5165 errno \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\ntry:\n    with open('nonexistent_file.txt', 'r') as file:  #\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00 nonexistent_file.txt \u6587\u4ef6\n        content = file.read() #\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\n        print(content)        #\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\nexcept FileNotFoundError:     #\u6355\u83b7 FileNotFoundError \u5f02\u5e38\n    print(\"\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\")\nexcept PermissionError:       #\u6355\u83b7 FileNotFoundError \u5f02\u5e38  \n    print(\"\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\")\nexcept Exception as e:        #\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7\n    print(f\"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7: {e.errno if hasattr(e, 'errno') else None}\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f: {e}\")   #\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709 errno \u5c5e\u6027\u5219\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a None\u3002e\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f          <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<br>import errno\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165 errno \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<br>try \u8bed\u53e5\u5757\uff1a<br>with open(&#8216;nonexistent_file.txt&#8217;, &#8216;r&#8217;) as file\uff1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00 nonexistent_file.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br>content = file.read()\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<br>print(content)\uff1a\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002<br>except FileNotFoundError\uff1a\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u6355\u83b7 FileNotFoundError \u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370 &#8220;\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#8221;\u3002<br>except PermissionError\uff1a\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u6355\u83b7 PermissionError \u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370 &#8220;\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd&#8221;\u3002<br>except Exception as e\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6355\u83b7\u5176\u4ed6\u672a\u9884\u6599\u5230\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<br>e.errno if hasattr(e, &#8216;errno&#8217;) else None\uff1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709 errno \u5c5e\u6027\u5219\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a None\u3002<br>e\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br>\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<br>\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6 nonexistent_file.txt \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u6709\u8bfb\u53d6\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3002<br>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 nonexistent_file.txt \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u5b9e\u9645\u60f3\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<br>\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a <code>nonexistent_file.txt<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 <code>OSError<\/code> \u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 <code>e.errno<\/code> \u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e <code>errno.ENOENT<\/code>\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u6253\u5370 <code>\"\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\"<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5728 <code>try<\/code> \u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>import socket\nimport errno\nimport os\n\ntry:\n    # \u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\n    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n    s.connect((\"192.0.2.1\", 8080))\nexcept OSError as e:\n    if e.errno == errno.ECONNREFUSED:\n        print(\"\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\")\n    elif e.errno == errno.ETIMEDOUT:\n        print(\"\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\")\n    elif e.errno == errno.ENOENT:\n        print(\"\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\")\n    elif e.errno == errno.EACCES:\n        print(\"\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\")\n    else:\n        print(f\"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7: {e.errno}\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f: {e.strerror}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 IP \u5730\u5740\u4e3a <code>192.0.2.1<\/code>\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a <code>8080<\/code> \u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 <code>OSError<\/code> \u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 <code>e.errno<\/code> \u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e <code>errno.ECONNREFUSED<\/code>\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u6253\u5370 <code>\"\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\"<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684 <code>errno.ENOENT<\/code> \u548c <code>errno.EACCES<\/code> \u7684\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a <code>OSError<\/code> \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4ee3\u7801\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u573a\u666f\u7ec6\u5316\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 <code>except<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>import os\nimport errno\nimport socket\n\n\ndef file_operation():\n    try:\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n        with open('nonexistent_file.txt', 'r') as file:\n            content = file.read()\n    except OSError as e:\n        if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:\n            print(\"\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\")\n        elif e.errno == errno.EACCES:\n            print(\"\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\")\n        else:\n            print(f\"\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7: {e.errno}\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f: {e.strerror}\")\n\n\ndef network_operation():\n    try:\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\n        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n        s.connect((\"192.0.2.1\", 8080))\n    except OSError as e:\n        if e.errno == errno.ECONNREFUSED:\n            print(\"\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\")\n        elif e.errno == errno.ETIMEDOUT:\n            print(\"\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\")\n        else:\n            print(f\"\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7: {e.errno}\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f: {e.strerror}\")\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    file_operation()\n    network_operation()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 <code>file_operation<\/code> \u548c <code>network_operation<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u5177\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u6dfb\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6743\u9650\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8fbe\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u653e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53\u53d1\u751f <code>OSError<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 <code>e.errno<\/code> \u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>e.strerror<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u53ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c<code>errno<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ec5\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605 Python \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f Python \u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u6c47\u603b\uff1a \u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7 \u4e8c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7 \u4e09\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7 \u56db\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7 \u4e94\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7 \u516d\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7 \u4e03\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7 \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 errno \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1a \u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5728 try \u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a \u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1aimport errno\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165 errno \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u3002try \u8bed\u53e5\u5757\uff1awith open(&#8216;nonexistent_file.txt&#8217;, &#8216;r&#8217;) as file\uff1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00 nonexistent_file.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u3002content = file.read()\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002print(content)\uff1a\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002except&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python","category-14"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=558"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/558\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cnitw.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}